Welcome To The 4E Publications Area
IC 2023 Nucleus Laboratory Comparison Report Part 1: Lamp Artefacts
This report presents a comparison and demonstration of measurement equivalency of the five Nucleus laboratories that constitute the core of Interlaboratory Comparison 2023 (IC2023). This report is Part 1, covering LED lamp artefacts used in IC 2023.
AC power supply issue for intrinsic flicker performance measurement
These comments were prepared and submitted to Members of three Expert Working Groups investigating temporal light modulation: CIE TC 2-89, IEC TC34 WG5 and IES LM-90 WG.
DC Wallbox Pre Scoping Study
The 4E PECTA DC-Wallbox pre-scoping study aims to enhance understanding of DC-Wallboxes and pro-vides an overview of the current DC charging market, emphasizing the efficiencies of commercially avail-able chargers across different power levels.
Solid State Lighting: Review of Health Effects
This report offers a comprehensive review of the scientific knowledge acquired in the course of the last ten years on the effects of solid state light on human health.
Policy Brief – Digitalisation in electric motor driven systems: key findings from four reports
This Policy Brief summarises the key findings of four recent EMSA publications on digitalisation in electric motor systems.
Digitalisation in electric motor systems – Part II: Technical recommendations for industrial end-users
In this publication, EMSA provides recommendations for industrial end-users on how to digitalise their motor systems.
Digitalisation in electric motor systems – Part I: Findings for policy makers
This report summarises EMSA’s research on the digitalisation of electric motor systems between 2021 – 2024. It formulates nine recommendations for policy makers on how to advance digitalisation in motor systems.
Policy Brief: The Energy Saving Potential of Wide Band Gap Technology in selected applications
This policy brief summarises the key findings of the 2023 PECTA report Energy saving potential of WBG-commercial power converters in different applications. It provides an update of the potential energy savings given in the detailed analysis of the published Policy Brief in December 2020 (PECTA 1).
Reliability of electronic components and systems with WBG technology
Power electronics plays a vital role in various applications, from household devices to electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This report, a result of the 4E PECTA Platform, covers reliability challenges at both component and system levels, discusses the state of the art in design processes, and proposes indicators for policymakers to support WBG adoption in energy applications.
Wide Band Gap Technology: Timing of most beneficial policy measures
This report reflects a special working result of the first term of PECTA, the Power Electronic Conversion Technology Platform. It contains suggestions for possible policy measures and mapping with applications over a timeline.
Policy Brief – Policy Development on Energy Efficiency of Data Centres
Provides an overview of initiatives for data centres; summarises the energy savings from potential measures and presents a range of issues for policy makers to consider.
Policy brief – Harnessing Smart and Dumb Devices
This policy brief deals with harnessing energy benefits from the ‘internet of things’ and how to turn existing ‘dumb’ appliances into smart ones using retrofit solutions.
Policy Brief – Interoperability
Policy brief pertaining to the issue of appliance ‘interoperability’ and the impact of this on demand flexibility.
Digitalisation in electric motor systems – Part IV: Energy consumption due to the digitalisation of electric motor systems
By analysing current research and real-life cases in industry, EMSA looked at the energy expenditure to facilitate digitalisation in electric motor systems.
Digitalisation in electric motor systems – Part III: Catalogue of case studies
EMSA presents eight concrete cases of companies who used digital solutions to optimise their processes, thereby saving energy.
2023 4E Annual Report
Read the 2023 Annual Report for the IEA Technology Collaboration Programme on Energy Efficient End-use Equipment (4E)
Energy Efficiency Measurement of Wide Bandgap Based Power Supplies
This report discusses different measurement methods to evaluate the efficiency of WBG-based power supply solutions, including electrical and calorimetric methods, and compares the performance of Si-based and GaN-based chargers.
Analysis and Loss Measurements of WBG-Based Devices
Commercial power supplies with wide-bandgap (WBG) Technology promise enhanced efficiency. PECTA analyzes WBG-based devices, supported by Swiss research, focusing on measurement concepts, loss assessments, and a deep understanding of the WBG device benefits.
Application Readiness Map for Wide Bandgap (WBG) Semiconductors
The Power Electronic Conversion Technology Annex (PECTA) Application Readiness Map for Wide Bandgap (WBG) Semiconductors describes their expected market position through 2035. It is based on interviews with many experts and various roadmaps and could be used as a basis for deciding which power semiconductor technology to choose. This report presents an updated version and the underlying assumptions.
Energy saving potential of WBG commercial power converters in different applications
This report explores the potential of wide bandgap (WBG) power semiconductor devices, such as SiC or GaN, in enhancing energy efficiency compared to traditional silicon-based systems.
